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New Approaches in Stem Cell Research
Received: May 16, 2019; Published: May 22, 2019
Abstract
This therapy is a modern medical approach for the treatment of many diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, rheumatoid Arthritis and many more. This work reviewed briefly the history, recent development and the uses and prospect of treatment of disorders using stem celltherapy.
Keywords: Stem Cell; Recent Advances; History; Application
Introduction
Stem Cells are undifferentiated biological cells with the natural capacity to regenerate and differentiating into various types of particular cell types and couldreplicate (via mitosis) to makemore. They have the capacity for self-regeneration over long period and can differentiate into variouscells and so on [1,2]. This therapy is an extremely good and recent medical advancement that seek to treat various medical disorders from its origin.
Sources
They can be obtained from many cell types [3].
Table 1: Types and Sources of Stem Cells.
Types
Two main types exist in mammals: Embryonic and adultstem cells. Others are hematopoietic, mesenchymal, neural, epithelial, and skin stem cells[4].
Timeline In Stem Cell Research
Achievements so far spans from nineteen eighty nine through to year two thousand and sixteen and these range fromthe first “’knockout”’ mouse, embryonic stem cells, beating heart cells, new heart muscle, cardiac stem cells, heart cells from fats, heart cells from skin and newblood.
Applications
Uses and applications of stem cells in toxicology
The fact that stem cells are more readily available, have unlimited proliferative ability and easily generate other cell type make them very suitable to toxicological applications[5].
Uses in Regenerative Medicine
The most recent and emerging branch of medicine is regenerative medicine and it tackles active replacement of particular tissue and/or organ of candidates suffering from severe tissue and/or organ damage or chronic medical conditions, especially where the patients’ own restorative responses are not sufficient. Some Prospects in regenerative medicine include those of umbilical cord stem cells, such as type I & II diabetes mellitus, Krabbe’s disease treatment, hematopoiesis in neuroblastoma [6].
Treatment with Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs)
This focuses on their potential for the following: bone regeneration [7], fat reconstruction [8], cardiovascular and myocardial regeneration [9,10], hepatic regeneration [11],pancreatic regeneration [12].
Stem Cells Treatment Procedure
The treatment process follows four simple stages: Harvesting, Separation/isolation, activation and treatment (Figures 1-6).
Figure 1: Liposuction Process
Figure 2: High Speed Stem Cell Centrifuge Machines.
Figure 3: Separated Adult Stem Cells from Harvested Fat.
Figure 4: Extraction of Platelet-Rich Plasma.
Figure 5: Photoactivation by Adilight Machine.
Figure 6: Passing of Activated Stem Cells into Intravenous Drip.
Ethical Issues
Majority of the issues of ethics about stem cell research have to do with the use of embryonic stem cells since these are obtained from fertilized embryos and are damaged in the research process eventually. Although, they are actually sourced from in vitro fertilization from fertility clinics with the prior knowledge and consent of the donor[13,14].
Future Prospect
Future perspectives of stem cell research include low blood supply, baldness, tooth regeneration, deafness, blindness and vision improvement, bone regenerations and diabetes.
Conclusion
There appears to be a bright future for stem cell therapy as treatment options for the diseases that presently defer other medical interventions.
References
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